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All Frameworks

Methodology: Dependency Counts.

For dependency counts, we start by looking at the dependencies for the meta-framework package directly. For example, how many production, development and overall dependencies does `Nuxt` have? We then look at dependencies for the starter projects specifically. Looking at a project's dependencies is more realistic (like the `starter-*` projects) as meta-frameworks rarely just include the meta-framework package alone. It is also important to look at direct dependencies.
FrameworkDepsDevProdGraph
Astro802753View
Next.js2292236View
Nuxt681157View
React Router502228View
SolidStart29425View
SvelteKit241212View
TanStack Start808View

Metaframework Dependencies

Metaframework Dependencies chart
Metaframework Dependencies data
FrameworkDependency count
TanStack Start8
SvelteKit24
SolidStart29
React Router50
Nuxt68
Astro80
Next.js229

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Development Dependencies

Metaframework Development Dependencies chart
Metaframework Development Dependencies data
FrameworkDependency count
TanStack Start0
SolidStart4
Nuxt11
SvelteKit12
React Router22
Astro27
Next.js223

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Production Dependencies

Metaframework Production Dependencies chart
Metaframework Production Dependencies data
FrameworkDependency count
Next.js6
TanStack Start8
SvelteKit12
SolidStart25
React Router28
Astro53
Nuxt57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

FrameworkDeps Dev / ProdAll DepsDup. Depsnode_modulesDep Install SizeGraph
Astro2 / 138711207.93MB186.65MBView
Next.js6 / 342112560.04MB506.22MBView
Nuxt2 / 369463208.80MB172.24MBView
React Router8 / 62689106.86MB102.22MBView
SolidStart1 / 62278124.34MB99.61MBView
SvelteKit7 / 0156195.65MB98.77MBView
TanStack Start11 / 1342414234.77MB198.52MBView

Starter Project Dev Dependencies

Starter Project Dev Dependencies chart
Starter Project Dev Dependencies data
FrameworkDependency count
SolidStart1
Astro2
Nuxt2
Next.js6
SvelteKit7
React Router8
TanStack Start11

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Production Dependencies

Starter Project Production Dependencies chart
Starter Project Production Dependencies data
FrameworkDependency count
SvelteKit0
Astro1
Next.js3
Nuxt3
React Router6
SolidStart6
TanStack Start13

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies chart
Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies data
FrameworkDependency count
SvelteKit1
SolidStart8
React Router9
Astro11
Next.js12
TanStack Start14
Nuxt63

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Node Modules Size.

Node modules size

Node modules size chart
Node modules size data
FrameworkMegabytes
SvelteKit95.65 MB
React Router106.86 MB
SolidStart124.34 MB
Astro207.93 MB
Nuxt208.80 MB
TanStack Start234.77 MB
Next.js560.04 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Build and Install Times.

FrameworkAvg InstallMin InstallMax InstallAvg Cold BuildAvg Warm Build
Astro3.11s1.73s3.72s0.90s0.90s
Next.js5.95s3.18s7.40s5.04s5.03s
Nuxt4.51s3.11s5.37s3.73s3.69s
React Router9.00s7.51s10.00s1.63s1.67s
SolidStart10.28s7.09s12.88s3.01s2.89s
SvelteKit18.29s16.03s20.82s1.91s1.70s
TanStack Start16.31s6.84s26.90s5.68s5.35s

Avg install time

Avg install time chart
Avg install time data
FrameworkSeconds
Astro3.11s
Nuxt4.51s
Next.js5.95s
React Router9.00s
SolidStart10.28s
TanStack Start16.31s
SvelteKit18.29s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Cold build time

Cold build time chart
Cold build time data
FrameworkSeconds
Astro0.90s
React Router1.63s
SvelteKit1.91s
SolidStart3.01s
Nuxt3.73s
Next.js5.04s
TanStack Start5.68s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Warm build time

Warm build time chart
Warm build time data
FrameworkSeconds
Astro0.90s
React Router1.67s
SvelteKit1.70s
SolidStart2.89s
Nuxt3.69s
Next.js5.03s
TanStack Start5.35s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Dev Server Startup.

FrameworkAvg StartMin StartMax Start
Astro1.31s1.29s1.33s
Next.js2.43s2.35s2.59s
Nuxt4.25s2.48s7.34s
React Router0.84s0.81s0.92s
SolidStart2.96s2.91s3.04s
SvelteKit1.24s1.14s1.47s
TanStack Start3.00s2.81s3.15s

Avg dev server startup time

Avg dev server startup time chart
Avg dev server startup time data
FrameworkSeconds
React Router0.84s
SvelteKit1.24s
Astro1.31s
Next.js2.43s
SolidStart2.96s
TanStack Start3.00s
Nuxt4.25s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Core-JS Polyfills.

Framework~SizeUnnecessary Modules
Astro
Next.js110.0 KB302
Nuxt
React Router
SolidStart
SvelteKit
TanStack Start

Methodology: Browser Baseline.

FrameworkBaselineFeatureYearFeatures
Astro0
Next.jsHigh202246
NuxtLimitedtemporal40
React RouterHigh202240
SolidStartHigh202030
SvelteKitHigh202042
TanStack StartHigh202245

Methodology: Minimum Node Version.

FrameworkMin NodeSet by
Astrov22.12.0
Next.jsv20.9.0next
Nuxtv20.19.0
React Routerv20.19.0vite
SolidStartv24.0.0@solidjs/start, starter-solid-start
SvelteKitv22.20.0@napi-rs/lzma-linux-x64-gnu
TanStack Startv22.12.0@tanstack/react-start, @tanstack/react-start-client, @tanstack/react-start-server, @tanstack/start-client-core, @tanstack/start-fn-stubs, @tanstack/start-plugin-core, @tanstack/start-server-core, @tanstack/start-storage-context

Methodology: Client Side Rendered Tests.

FrameworkFirst PaintFCPInteraction LatencyInput DelayProcessing DurationPresentation Delay
Astro103.2ms103.21ms7.47ms1.53ms0.97ms4.96ms
Next.js395.8ms395.7ms20.5ms1.32ms6.49ms12.7ms
Nuxt149.8ms149.95ms8.89ms0.58ms1.31ms7ms
React Router166.4ms166.5ms19.29ms1.5ms2.78ms15.01ms
SolidStart115.6ms115.64ms14.31ms1.04ms2.38ms10.89ms
SvelteKit128.6ms128.78ms18.6ms0.67ms3.36ms14.57ms
TanStack Start153.6ms153.82ms22.76ms1.51ms12.7ms8.55ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) chart
First Paint (ms) data
FrameworkMilliseconds
Astro103.20 ms
SolidStart115.60 ms
SvelteKit128.60 ms
Nuxt149.80 ms
TanStack Start153.60 ms
React Router166.40 ms
Next.js395.80 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) chart
First Contentful Paint (ms) data
FrameworkMilliseconds
Astro103.21 ms
SolidStart115.64 ms
SvelteKit128.78 ms
Nuxt149.95 ms
TanStack Start153.82 ms
React Router166.50 ms
Next.js395.70 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Interaction Breakdown

Total latency is split into the three consecutive phases reported by Lighthouse.

  • The input delay, which starts when the user initiates an interaction with the page, and ends when the event callbacks for the interaction begin to run.
  • The processing duration, which consists of the time it takes for event callbacks to run to completion.
  • The presentation delay, which is the time it takes for the browser to present the next frame which contains the visual result of the interaction.
7.47 ms
8.89 ms
14.31 ms
18.60 ms
19.29 ms
20.50 ms
22.76 ms
Interaction Breakdown data
Framework or versionInteraction latencyInput delayProcessing durationPresentation delay
Astro7.47 ms1.53 ms0.97 ms4.96 ms
Nuxt8.89 ms0.58 ms1.31 ms7.00 ms
SolidStart14.31 ms1.04 ms2.38 ms10.89 ms
SvelteKit18.60 ms0.67 ms3.36 ms14.57 ms
React Router19.29 ms1.50 ms2.78 ms15.01 ms
Next.js20.50 ms1.32 ms6.49 ms12.70 ms
TanStack Start22.76 ms1.51 ms12.70 ms8.55 ms

Methodology: Server Side Rendered Tests.

FrameworkFirst PaintFCPInteraction LatencyInput DelayProcessing DurationPresentation Delay
Astro79ms79.24ms1.14ms0.61ms0.53ms0ms
Next.js152.2ms152.17ms18.55ms1.31ms8.21ms9.03ms
Nuxt122.8ms122.98ms11.02ms0.46ms1.95ms8.61ms
React Router108.8ms108.9ms17.15ms1.47ms2.54ms13.14ms
SolidStart381.4ms381.53ms30.02ms2.28ms3.67ms24.07ms
SvelteKit96ms96.12ms14.92ms1.11ms3.35ms10.46ms
TanStack Start126.6ms126.76ms26.36ms2.31ms13.87ms10.18ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) chart
First Paint (ms) data
FrameworkMilliseconds
Astro79.00 ms
SvelteKit96.00 ms
React Router108.80 ms
Nuxt122.80 ms
TanStack Start126.60 ms
Next.js152.20 ms
SolidStart381.40 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) chart
First Contentful Paint (ms) data
FrameworkMilliseconds
Astro79.24 ms
SvelteKit96.12 ms
React Router108.90 ms
Nuxt122.98 ms
TanStack Start126.76 ms
Next.js152.17 ms
SolidStart381.53 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Interaction Breakdown

Total latency is split into the three consecutive phases reported by Lighthouse.

  • The input delay, which starts when the user initiates an interaction with the page, and ends when the event callbacks for the interaction begin to run.
  • The processing duration, which consists of the time it takes for event callbacks to run to completion.
  • The presentation delay, which is the time it takes for the browser to present the next frame which contains the visual result of the interaction.
1.14 ms
11.02 ms
14.92 ms
17.15 ms
18.55 ms
26.36 ms
30.02 ms
Interaction Breakdown data
Framework or versionInteraction latencyInput delayProcessing durationPresentation delay
Astro1.14 ms0.61 ms0.53 ms0.00 ms
Nuxt11.02 ms0.46 ms1.95 ms8.61 ms
SvelteKit14.92 ms1.11 ms3.35 ms10.46 ms
React Router17.15 ms1.47 ms2.54 ms13.14 ms
Next.js18.55 ms1.31 ms8.21 ms9.03 ms
TanStack Start26.36 ms2.31 ms13.87 ms10.18 ms
SolidStart30.02 ms2.28 ms3.67 ms24.07 ms

Methodology: Server Side Throughput Tests.

FrameworkOps/secMedian LatencyBody SizeDuplication
Baseline HTML8421.203ms96.83kb1x
Astro6681.48ms96.89kb1x
Next.js2164.725ms199.57kb2x
Nuxt3352.897ms201.27kb2x
React Router3472.841ms211.85kb2x
SolidStart4122.34ms224.17kb2x
SvelteKit4412.184ms183.53kb2x
TanStack Start3193.07ms193.62kb2x

Ops/sec

Ops/sec chart
Ops/sec data
FrameworkOperations per second
Baseline HTML842
Astro668
SvelteKit441
SolidStart412
React Router347
Nuxt335
TanStack Start319
Next.js216

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Body Size

Body Size chart
Body Size data
FrameworkKilobytes
Baseline HTML96.83 KB
Astro96.89 KB
SvelteKit183.53 KB
TanStack Start193.62 KB
Next.js199.57 KB
Nuxt201.27 KB
React Router211.85 KB
SolidStart224.17 KB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Median Latency

Median Latency chart
Median Latency data
FrameworkMilliseconds
Baseline HTML1.20 ms
Astro1.48 ms
SvelteKit2.18 ms
SolidStart2.34 ms
React Router2.84 ms
Nuxt2.90 ms
TanStack Start3.07 ms
Next.js4.72 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Server Side Load Test.

FrameworkPeak req/sPeak ConnectionsP99 @ 25P99 @ 50P99 @ 100Total Req.
Baseline HTML1,635.610018ms44ms107ms48,518
Astro1,190.610031ms83ms326ms35,583
Next.js4151914ms4793ms4713ms1,150
Nuxt74.6101949ms4084ms4268ms2,369
React Router174.425329ms1745ms3971ms5,752
SolidStart524.2110103ms179ms2127ms16,924
SvelteKit4982579ms388ms2567ms15,793
TanStack Start43.853467ms4572ms4488ms1,337

P99 Latency at 25 Connections

P99 Latency at 25 Connections chart
P99 Latency at 25 Connections data
FrameworkMilliseconds
Baseline HTML18.00 ms
Astro31.00 ms
SvelteKit79.00 ms
SolidStart103.00 ms
React Router329.00 ms
Next.js1914.00 ms
Nuxt1949.00 ms
TanStack Start3467.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 50 Connections

P99 Latency at 50 Connections chart
P99 Latency at 50 Connections data
FrameworkMilliseconds
Baseline HTML44.00 ms
Astro83.00 ms
SolidStart179.00 ms
SvelteKit388.00 ms
React Router1745.00 ms
Nuxt4084.00 ms
TanStack Start4572.00 ms
Next.js4793.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 100 Connections

P99 Latency at 100 Connections chart
P99 Latency at 100 Connections data
FrameworkMilliseconds
Baseline HTML107.00 ms
Astro326.00 ms
SolidStart2127.00 ms
SvelteKit2567.00 ms
React Router3971.00 ms
Nuxt4268.00 ms
TanStack Start4488.00 ms
Next.js4713.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 25 Connections

P90 Latency at 25 Connections chart
P90 Latency at 25 Connections data
FrameworkMilliseconds
Baseline HTML17.00 ms
Astro23.00 ms
SvelteKit61.00 ms
SolidStart70.00 ms
React Router160.00 ms
Nuxt384.00 ms
Next.js697.00 ms
TanStack Start776.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 50 Connections

P90 Latency at 50 Connections chart
P90 Latency at 50 Connections data
FrameworkMilliseconds
Baseline HTML32.00 ms
Astro43.00 ms
SvelteKit133.00 ms
SolidStart153.00 ms
React Router316.00 ms
Nuxt470.00 ms
TanStack Start822.00 ms
Next.js2407.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 100 Connections

P90 Latency at 100 Connections chart
P90 Latency at 100 Connections data
FrameworkMilliseconds
Baseline HTML77.00 ms
Astro85.00 ms
SolidStart165.00 ms
SvelteKit214.00 ms
React Router381.00 ms
Nuxt497.00 ms
TanStack Start1341.00 ms
Next.js2797.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

FrameworkLCP%CLS%FCP%TTFB%INP%
Astro9288928198
SolidStart817510088100
SvelteKit7978786995
Next.js7371766694
Nuxt6758705996
React Router5960646890

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint chart
Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework%
Astro92
SolidStart81
SvelteKit79
Next.js73
Nuxt67
React Router59

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift chart
Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework%
Astro88
SvelteKit78
SolidStart75
Next.js71
React Router60
Nuxt58

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good First Contentful Paint chart
Good First Contentful Paint data
Framework%
SolidStart100
Astro92
SvelteKit78
Next.js76
Nuxt70
React Router64

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte chart
Good Time To First Byte data
Framework%
SolidStart88
Astro81
SvelteKit69
React Router68
Next.js66
Nuxt59

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint chart
Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework%
SolidStart100
Astro98
Nuxt96
SvelteKit95
Next.js94
React Router90

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

FrameworkLCP%CLS%FCP%TTFB%INP%
SolidStart80801008790
Astro7993726385
SvelteKit6780585574
Next.js5271484658
Nuxt4558434565
React Router3763365153

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint chart
Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework%
SolidStart80
Astro79
SvelteKit67
Next.js52
Nuxt45
React Router37

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift chart
Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework%
Astro93
SolidStart80
SvelteKit80
Next.js71
React Router63
Nuxt58

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good First Contentful Paint chart
Good First Contentful Paint data
Framework%
SolidStart100
Astro72
SvelteKit58
Next.js48
Nuxt43
React Router36

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte chart
Good Time To First Byte data
Framework%
SolidStart87
Astro63
SvelteKit55
React Router51
Next.js46
Nuxt45

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint chart
Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework%
SolidStart90
Astro85
SvelteKit74
Nuxt65
Next.js58
React Router53

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Core Web Vitals.